National Patriots' Day (Journe nationale des patriotes) is a statutory holiday observed annually in the province of Quebec on the Monday preceding May 25. Established in 2002, the day commemorates the Patriotes who led the Rebellions of 18371838 in Lower Canada. These uprisings were a struggle against British colonial rule, seeking political reform, responsible government, and the protection of French-Canadian identity. The holiday officially replaced Victoria Day in Quebec, reflecting a different historical and cultural commemoration on the same date as the rest of Canada celebrates the former monarch's birthday.
The historical context for the holiday is rooted in the political tensions of the early 19th century. The Parti Patriote, led by figures such as Louis-Joseph Papineau, advocated for greater democratic control for the elected legislative assembly against the power of the British-appointed governor and his councils. Their demands were articulated in the "Ninety-Two Resolutions" of 1834, which called for major constitutional reforms. The British government's rejection of these demands ultimately led to armed conflict, known as the Lower Canada Rebellion, which was suppressed by British forces. The day honors the memory of those who fought and died for these democratic ideals.
Observing National Patriots' Day serves as a significant expression of Quebec's distinct historical narrative and political identity within Canada. It emphasizes a legacy of resistance to colonial authority and a commitment to self-determination and democratic principles. For many Quebecers, the day is a symbol of national pride and a reminder of the historical struggles that shaped the province's modern society and its place in the Canadian federation. Commemorations often include historical reenactments, flag-raising ceremonies, parades, and educational activities focused on the Patriote movement.
